The Purpose of the TASK FORCE is assisting the City of Kingston in establishing measures to take control of our feral cat population. The Task Force volunteers will be charged with the responsibility of developing a control plan for the City of Kingston. The Task Force would then determine a method of control, resources and partnerships required, legislation that might be required, and any other component for an overall control plan.
In the last article, I have discussed a method on WhatsApp hack using SpyStealth Premium App. Today I am gonna show you an advanced method to hack WhatsApp account by mac spoofing. It's a bit more complicated than the last method discussed and requires proper attention. It involves the spoofing of the mac address of the target device. Let's move on how to perform the attack.
SO, HOW TO HACK WHATSAPP ACCOUNT?
STEP TO FOLLOW FOR WHATSAPP HACK
Here I will show you complete tutorial step by step of hacking WhatsApp account. Just understand each step carefully so this WhatsApp hack could work great.
Find out the victim's phone and note down it's Mac address. To get the mac address in Android devices, go to Settings > About Phone > Status > Wifi Mac address. And here you'll see the mac address. Just write it somewhere. We'll use it in the upcoming steps.
As you get the target's mac address, you have to change your phone's mac address with the target's mac address. Perform the steps mentioned in this article on how to spoof mac address in android phones.
Now install WhatsApp on your phone and use victim's number while you're creating an account. It'll send a verification code to victim's phone. Just grab the code and enter it here.
Once you do that, it'll set all and you'll get all chats and messages which victims sends or receives.
This method is really a good one but a little difficult for the non-technical users. Only use this method if you're technical skills and have time to perform every step carefully. Otherwise, you can hack WhatsApp account using Spying app.
If you want to know how to be on the safer edge from WhatsApp hack, you can follow this article how to protect WhatsApp from being hacked.
In part 1 and 2 we covered re-entrancy and authorization attack scenarios within the Ethereum smart contract environment. In this blog we will cover integer attacks against blockchain decentralized applications (DAPs) coded in Solidity.
Integer Attack Explanation:
An integer overflow and underflow happens when a check on a value is used with an unsigned integer, which either adds or subtracts beyond the limits the variable can hold. If you remember back to your computer science class each variable type can hold up to a certain value length. You will also remember some variable types only hold positive numbers while others hold positive and negative numbers.
If you go outside of the constraints of the number type you are using it may handle things in different ways such as an error condition or perhaps cutting the number off at the maximum or minimum value.
In the Solidity language for Ethereum when we reach values past what our variable can hold it in turn wraps back around to a number it understands. So for example if we have a variable that can only hold a 2 digit number when we hit 99 and go past it, we will end up with 00. Inversely if we had 00 and we subtracted 1 we would end up with 99.
Normally in your math class the following would be true:
99 + 1 = 100 00 - 1 = -1
In solidity with unsigned numbers the following is true: 99 + 1 = 00 00 - 1 = 99
So the issue lies with the assumption that a number will fail or provide a correct value in mathematical calculations when indeed it does not. So comparing a variable with a require statement is not sufficiently accurate after performing a mathematical operation that does not check for safe values.
That comparison may very well be comparing the output of an over/under flowed value and be completely meaningless. The Require statement may return true, but not based on the actual intended mathematical value. This in turn will lead to an action performed which is beneficial to the attacker for example checking a low value required for a funds validation but then receiving a very high value sent to the attacker after the initial check. Lets go through a few examples.
Simple Example:
Lets say we have the following Require check as an example: require(balance - withdraw_amount > 0) ;
Now the above statement seems reasonable, if the users balance minus the withdrawal amount is less than 0 then obviously they don't have the money for this transaction correct?
This transaction should fail and produce an error because not enough funds are held within the account for the transaction. But what if we have 5 dollars and we withdraw 6 dollars using the scenario above where we can hold 2 digits with an unsigned integer?
Let's do some math. 5 - 6 = 99
Last I checked 99 is greater than 0 which poses an interesting problem. Our check says we are good to go, but our account balance isn't large enough to cover the transaction. The check will pass because the underflow creates the wrong value which is greater than 0 and more funds then the user has will be transferred out of the account.
Because the following math returns true: require(99 > 0)
Withdraw Function Vulnerable to an UnderFlow:
The below example snippet of code illustrates a withdraw function with an underflow vulnerability:
In this example the require line checks that the balance is greater then 0 after subtracting the _amount but if the _amount is greater than the balance it will underflow to a value above 0 even though it should fail with a negative number as its true value.
require(balances[msg.sender] - _amount > 0);
It will then send the value of the _amount variable to the recipient without any further checks:
msg.sender.transfer(_amount);
Followed by possibly increasing the value of the senders account with an underflow condition even though it should have been reduced:
balances[msg.sender] -= _amount;
Depending how the Require check and transfer functions are coded the attacker may not lose any funds at all but be able to transfer out large sums of money to other accounts under his control simply by underflowing the require statements which checks the account balance before transferring funds each time.
Transfer Function Vulnerable to a Batch Overflow:
Overflow conditions often happen in situations where you are sending a batched amount of values to recipients. If you are doing an airdrop and have 200 users who are each receiving a large sum of tokens but you check the total sum of all users tokens against the total funds it may trigger an overflow. The logic would compare a smaller value to the total tokens and think you have enough to cover the transaction for example if your integer can only hold 5 digits in length or 00,000 what would happen in the below scenario?
You have 10,000 tokens in your account You are sending 200 users 499 tokens each Your total sent is 200*499 or 99,800
The above scenario would fail as it should since we have 10,000 tokens and want to send a total of 99,800. But what if we send 500 tokens each? Lets do some more math and see how that changes the outcome.
You have 10,000 tokens in your account You are sending 200 users 500 tokens each Your total sent is 200*500 or 100,000 New total is actually 0
This new scenario produces a total that is actually 0 even though each users amount is 500 tokens which may cause issues if a require statement is not handled with safe functions which stop an overflow of a require statement.
Lets take our new numbers and plug them into the below code and see what happens:
1: The total variable is 100,000 which becomes 0 due to the 5 digit limit overflow when a 6th digit is hit at 99,999 + 1 = 0. So total now becomes 0.
2: This line checks if the users balance is high enough to cover the total value to be sent which in this case is 0 so 10,000 is more then enough to cover a 0 total and this check passes due to the overflow.
3: This line deducts the total from the senders balance which does nothing since the total of 10,000 - 0 is 10,000. The sender has lost no funds.
4-5: This loop iterates over the 200 users who each get 500 tokens and updates the balances of each user individually using the real value of 500 as this does not trigger an overflow condition. Thus sending out 100,000 tokens without reducing the senders balance or triggering an error due to lack of funds. Essentially creating tokens out of thin air.
In this scenario the user retained all of their tokens but was able to distribute 100k tokens across 200 users regardless if they had the proper funds to do so.
Lab Follow Along Time:
We went through what might have been an overwhelming amount of concepts in this chapter regarding over/underflow scenarios now lets do an example lab in the video below to illustrate this point and get a little hands on experience reviewing, writing and exploiting smart contracts. Also note in the blockchain youtube playlist we cover the same concepts from above if you need to hear them rather then read them.
For this lab we will use the Remix browser environment with the current solidity version as of this writing 0.5.12. You can easily adjust the compiler version on Remix to this version as versions update and change frequently. https://remix.ethereum.org/
Below is a video going through coding your own vulnerable smart contract, the video following that goes through exploiting the code you create and the videos prior to that cover the concepts we covered above:
This next video walks through exploiting the code above, preferably hand coded by you into the remix environment. As the best way to learn is to code it yourself and understand each piece:
Conclusion:
We covered a lot of information at this point and the video series playlist associated with this blog series has additional information and walk throughs. Also other videos as always will be added to this playlist including fixing integer overflows in the code and attacking an actual live Decentralized Blockchain Application. So check out those videos as they are dropped and the current ones, sit back and watch and re-enforce the concepts you learned in this blog and in the previous lab. This is an example from a full set of labs as part of a more comprehensive exploitation course we have been working on.
A keylogger is a computer program which can be written using any computer programming language such as c++ when you install it on a Victim system it can keep the records of every keystroke in a text file. Keylogger is mainly used to steal confidential data such as passwords, credit card numbers etc.
How to make a python keylogger?
A keylogger can be programmed using any programming language such as c++, java, c# e.tc. For this tutorial, I will use python to make a keylogger, because python is flexible, powerful and simple to understand even a non-programmer can use python to make a keylogger.
Requirements to create a python keylogger
Computer With Operating system: Windows, Mac os or Linux
Python must be installed on the system
Pip (Python index package ) you will need this to install python software packages.
Pypiwin32 and PyHook packages
Basic understanding of computers
You will learn to install these things one by one. If you have already installed and configured the python development kit feel free to skip Part 1.
Part 1: Downloading Python and pip, setting up the environment to create the keylogger.Step 1:
Choose python 2.7 because I am using this version. It is ok if you have a different version of python this method will work on every version of python.
Step 2:
Installation of python is pretty simple.Open the python setup file, Mark the checkboxes Very important else you have to set the python path manually, and click on Install Now.
Step 3:
You need Pypiwin32 and PyHook python packages to create python keylogger. To install these packages you need pip, you can install Pypiwin32 and PyHook without using pip which is not recommended.
To download pip go to https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/installing/ and Save link as by right clicking on get-pip.py. when the download is done, just run the get-pip.py file.
Now you need to set the Variable path for pip to do this right click on the computer icon and choose properties.
Now click on the Advanced system settings
Choose Environment Variables.
Choose New, Set the Variable name: PATH and Variable value as C:\Python27\Scripts
Click on ok.
Part 2: Installing Pypiwin32 and PyHook python Packages using pip:
Open Command Prompt(CMD) and type: pip installs Pypiwin32 press the Enter Key, wait for the installation to complete. After the Pypiwin32 package installation type: pip install PyHook press the Enter Key and wait for the installation to complete.When done close the Command Prompt.
Part 3: Creating and testing the python keylogger:
Now you have configured your environment and installed all the necessary packages, let's start creating the keylogger. Click on the start menu and scroll down until you find Python 2.7, run python IDLE(GUI) by clicking on it.
Go to the File, from the drop-down menu choose New file.
Python Keylogger source code:
Copy these lines of code and paste into the new file. Modify the directory in the second line of code to your own location e.g 'C:\test\log.txt' this will create a folder named test in C save the log.txt file there when the Keylogger start.
Save your file as a test.pyw at any location you want, the .pyw extension is very important because of it the python keylogger will run in the background without notifying the user.
The Python Keylogger is now completed you can test it out by opening it and typing some text in your browser, go to the log.txt file which is in the F:\test\log.txt on my PC. You will find your log.txt file in C:\test\log.txt.But what if you want to test it on someone else computer? you want to run it without the user knowing that it has been launched, this can be done by attaching it to the program that the victim always uses such as Google Chrome.
Let's make the python keylogger auto-launchable by attaching it the Google Chrome.
Copy the following code and paste into notepad. Save it by giving .bat extension e.g launch.bat in a hidden location, e.g c:\test\launch.bat
Now right click on the google chrome desktop shortcut icon and click on properties. You will see a field called Target. Change the target field to the batch file launch.bat directory that you created. let's say you have saved your launch.bat file in a test folder in C, Then change the target field with "C:\test\launch.bat". Now, whenever the user opens chrome the keylogger will run automatically.
Email address is a type of identification by which an email receiver identifies the person who sends mail to him/her. That's why while creating an email address you need to enter your personal details that must be valid. However, what if we tell you that you can create an email address that doesn't require any validation of personal details and that email address gets permanently deleted after your work is done. So here we have a method To Create Fake Email Address. By this, you can create a fake email address that will get auto-deleted after ten minutes. Just follow the below steps to proceed.
Note: The method we are discussing is just for a known purpose and should not be used for any illegal purposes, as we will be not responsible for any wrongdoing.
How To Create Fake Email Address Within Seconds
The method of creating a fake email address is very simple and easy as these are based on online websites that will provide you a free email address without taking any personal details from you.
10 Minute Mail will provide you a temporary e-mail address. Any e-mails sent to that address will show automatically on the web page. You can read them, click on links, and even reply to them. The email address will expire after 10 minutes.
It is one of the most user-friendly ones out there, with this, you can get disposable email ID easily. You need to enter the details, and the fake email ID will be generated. Moreover, this also lets you send emails with attachment up to 150MB. You will be provided with a temporary email address which you can use to verify some websites which require the email address.
Mailinator is a free, Public, Email System where you can use any inbox you want. You will be given a Mailinator address which you can use anytime a website asks for an email address. The public emails you will receive will be auto-deleted after few hours of receiving.
Maildrop is a great idea when you want to sign up for a website but you are concerned that they might share your address with advertisers. MailDrop is powered by some of the spam filters created by Heluna, used in order to block almost all spam attempts before they even get to your MailDrop inbox. This works the same way like Mailinator in which you will be given a temporary Email address which you can use to verify sites etc.
AirMail is a free temporary email service, you are given a random email address you can use when registering to new websites or test-driving untrusted services. All emails received by AirMail servers are displayed automatically in your online browser inbox.
Android is now one of the most popular operating systems. So, hackers have also started using Android devices for their tasks. Now Android devices are used for penetration testing and other hacking activities including IT security administrator, Wi-Fi hacking and network monitoring. There are several hacking apps or Android devices. So, we have curated a list of best hacking apps for Android.
Before you start using these apps, you must take a backup of your important data. I also recommend the use of these apps on a separate device. Using this on your primary phone is not recommended. It is because many of these apps require a rooted device and app can also harm your phone.
Note: Hacking apps can be used for educational and malicious purpose. But we never encourage malicious operations. We are listing the apps here just for educational purpose. You should only use these apps to learn. We do not support any unethical use of these apps.
1. AndroRAT
AndroRAT stands for Android RAT. RAT is the short form of Remote Administrative Tool and it allows an attacker to remotely control and fetch information from a device. AndroRAT does the same thing. It has a server developed in Java/Swing but the Android application has been developed in Java Android.
AndroRAT allows you to connect information like call logs, contacts, messages, location and more. You can remotely monitor sent and received messages send texts, use the camera, open a URL in the browser, make phone calls and remotely monitor the device.
The connection to the server can be triggered by an SMS or a call. From the server GUI, you can check all the connected clients and access information.
As the app allows silent remote access, it is not available on Play Store.
zANTI is a known penetration testing suite of applications you can install locally on Android smartphone. This tool brings scanning tools Diagnostic features and Reporting tools. You can use this malicious software to attack a network and check for any loopholes in your network. This tool is used to test redirect and SSL stripping attacks. You can edit request and response messages from web servers, the host takes websites from your Android phone and more.
FaceNiff is another good Android hacking that allows you to intercept the traffic of your WiFi network. You can use this tool to snoop what people are doing on the network you are. You can snoop on services like Facebook, Twitter, Amazon, YouTube and more. This is one of the notable too for steal cookies from the WiFi network and gives the attacker unauthorized access to other people's account.
This app requires a rooted device. So, you can only use the app if you have a rooted phone.
Droidsheep is also a similar app that helps security analysts understand what is happening in your Wi-Fi network. Like Face Sniff, this app can also hijack the web session profiles over a network and supports most of the services and websites.
The primary difference between Droidsheep and FaceSniff is that Droidsheep works with almost all the websites while FaceSniff has limited support.
Hackode is another good hacking apps for Android. It is not a single app but a collection of tools for ethical hackers and penetration testers. The app comes with three modules including Reconnaissance, Scanning and Security Feed. You can use this app for SQL Injection, Google hacking, MySQL Server, Whois, Scanning, DNS Dif, DNS lookup, IP, MX Records, Security RSS Feed, Exploits etc.
The app is still in beta, but available in Play Store.
cSploit is also a good security tool for Android. It comes with several options like cracking Wi-Fi password, installing backdoors, finding vulnerabilities and their exploits. If you are looking for a good hacking app or hacker app for Android, you should try this one for sure.
DroidBox is also a similar kind of app that allows you to do the dynamic analysis of Android applications. You can use this app to get information like hashes of APK package, network traffic, SMS & phone calls, Incoming/outgoing network data, Listing broadcast receivers and more.
SSHDroid is SSH tool developed for Android. It lets you connect to a remote computer and run terminal commands, transfer and edit files. The app also provided features like shared-key authentication, WiFi autostart whitelist, extended notification control etc,
Kali Linux NetHunter is an open source penetration testing platform for Android. It officially supports Nexus and OnePlus devices. It provides the ultimate penetration testing platform that allows you to perform a wide range of attacks.
APKInspector allows you to perform reverse engineering on an APK. you can use this to get a deep insight or APK and get the source code of any Android app. You can do modifications in the APK and visualize the DEX code to erase the credits and license.
Shark for Root is an advanced hacking tool for security experts and hackers. It can work as a traffic snipper. You can use the tcpdump command on rooted devices. It works on Wi-Fi, 3G, and FroYo tethered mode.
dSploit is an Android network penetrating testing suit. You can download and install it on your device to perform network security testing. It supports all Android devices running on Android 2.3 Gingerbread or higher. You need to root this phone for using the app. After rooting the phone, you need to download BusyBox from Google Play Store
The app comes with several modules including Port Scanner, Inspector, RouterPWN, Trace, Login Cracker, Packet Forger, Vulnerability Finder, and MITM.
WPScan is a WordPress vulnerability scanner for Android. This app is used to scan WordPress based websites and find possible vulnerabilities. WPScan is a popular desktop tool but this WPScan for Android is not related to that. So, do not think of it as an official WPScan app.
Network Mapper is a network scanner tool for network admins. It used to scan the network, lists all devices connected and find Open ports of various servers like FTP servers, SSH servers, SMB servers etc on the network. The tool is available on Play Store.
Andosid is like LOIC for the desktop. This tool is used to perform DOS attacks from Android mobile phones. You can use this tool to set a target URL and perform a DOS attack in one click. The tool will start flooding target URL with fake requests.
DroidSQLi app allows attackers to perform SQL Injection on a target URL. You just need to find a target URL and this tool will start the fully automated SQL Injection attack.
AppUse is a Virtual Machine developed by AppSec Labs. It is a freely available mobile application security testing platform that comes with lots of custom made tools by AppSec Labs. If you want to sue your Android phone as your penetration testing tool, this one is for you.
Network Spoofer is also a good hacking app for android. It lets you change the website on other people's computer from your Android phone. Connect to a WiFI network and then choose a spoof to use with the app. this tool is to demonstrate how vulnerable a network is. Do not try this on any unauthorized networks.
As the name suggests, DroidSheep Guard works against DroidSheep. It monitors Android devices' ARP-table and tries to detect ARP-Spoofing attack on your network. It does not require a rooted device.
What is BurpSuite? Burp Suite is a Java based Web Penetration Testing framework. It has become an industry standard suite of tools used by information security professionals. Burp Suite helps you identify vulnerabilities and verify attack vectors that are affecting web applications. Because of its popularity and breadth as well as depth of features, we have created this useful page as a collection of Burp Suite knowledge and information.
In its simplest form, Burp Suite can be classified as an Interception Proxy. While browsing their target application, a penetration tester can configure their internet browser to route traffic through the Burp Suite proxy server. Burp Suite then acts as a (sort of) Man In The Middle by capturing and analyzing each request to and from the target web application so that they can be analyzed.
Everyone has their favorite security tools, but when it comes to mobile and web applications I've always found myself looking BurpSuite . It always seems to have everything I need and for folks just getting started with web application testing it can be a challenge putting all of the pieces together. I'm just going to go through the installation to paint a good picture of how to get it up quickly.
BurpSuite is freely available with everything you need to get started and when you're ready to cut the leash, the professional version has some handy tools that can make the whole process a little bit easier. I'll also go through how to install FoxyProxy which makes it much easier to change your proxy setup, but we'll get into that a little later.
Requirements and assumptions:
Mozilla Firefox 3.1 or Later Knowledge of Firefox Add-ons and installation The Java Runtime Environment installed
Download BurpSuite from http://portswigger.net/burp/download.htmland make a note of where you save it.
on for Firefox from https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/foxyproxy-standard/
If this is your first time running the JAR file, it may take a minute or two to load, so be patient and wait.
Video for setup and installation.
You need to install compatible version of java , So that you can run BurpSuite.
